Category: Blog

If you’ve been injured by a police officer or other government official in Ohio, you may have heard the term qualified immunity and wondered how it affects your ability to seek compensation. This legal protection can make it challenging to hold government employees accountable when they violate your rights.

We understand how frustrating it is when you’ve been wronged and feel like you have no options for justice.

At GB Law, we’ve successfully represented Ohioans for over 30 years, and we want you to understand qualified immunity and how it may impact your case.

What is Qualified Immunity?

Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine that shields government officials from being held liable for civil damages unless they violate clearly established law. Qualified immunity protects police officers, corrections officers, public school officials, and other government actors from being sued for damages when they act in their official capacity.

Under qualified immunity, even if a government official violated your constitutional rights, you cannot sue them unless you can prove:

• The official violated a clearly established constitutional right
• Any reasonable person in the official’s position would have known their actions were illegal

This creates a challenging situation. You must show that a previous court case with nearly identical facts already established that the conduct was illegal. Without a prior case on the books with similar circumstances, the official may be protected by qualified immunity.

How Does Qualified Immunity Work in Ohio?

Qualified immunity is a federal doctrine that applies to lawsuits brought under federal civil rights laws, specifically Section 1983 of the U.S. Code. This means that when you file a federal lawsuit claiming a government official violated your constitutional rights, they can raise qualified immunity as a defense.

Ohio currently follows the federal qualified immunity standard. When you bring a civil rights claim in Ohio courts or federal courts, government officials can use this defense to avoid being held responsible for their actions.

Here’s what typically happens:

• You file a lawsuit claiming a public official violated your constitutional rights
• The official claims qualified immunity as a defense
• The court must determine whether the right was clearly established at the time of the violation
• If no prior case establishes that the specific conduct was illegal, the official receives immunity
• Your case may be dismissed before you get your day in court

Why Qualified Immunity is Controversial

Critics of qualified immunity argue that it prevents victims from holding government officials accountable when their rights are violated. The doctrine has faced increasing criticism in recent years, particularly in cases involving excessive force.

Common concerns about qualified immunity include:

• It allows officials to violate rights as long as they do so in a “novel” way
• Victims are denied justice even when courts agree their rights were violated
• Officials face no consequences for unconstitutional conduct
• The doctrine goes beyond what Congress intended when it passed civil rights laws
• It makes it nearly impossible to establish precedent for future cases

In 2018, Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor described qualified immunity as creating an “absolute shield” against accountability for police officers accused of using excessive force.

Recent Efforts to End Qualified Immunity in Ohio

There’s a growing movement in Ohio to change qualified immunity for police officers and government officials in the state. The Ohio Coalition to End Qualified Immunity is working to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot that would eliminate these protections for government officials.

If passed, the proposed amendment would:

• Allow victims to sue government officials for violating Ohioans’ constitutional rights
• Remove qualified immunity and other immunity defenses for these claims
• Extend to all government employees, volunteers, and officials
• Create a six-year time limit for filing claims
• Hold public entities responsible for their employees’ actions

The coalition aims to place this amendment before voters in November 2026. However, they face some challenges in getting it on the ballot.

While Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost certified the petition, the petition lacks a title. This could result in legal challenges from people who oppose ending qualified immunity. The Ohio Coalition to End Qualified Immunity sued Yost in federal courts on First Amendment violation grounds due to his repeated objections to the amendment.

If the Ohio Coalition to End Qualified Immunity wins this lawsuit, they can start collecting signatures in May 2026. But they will need to collect over 413,000 valid signatures from Ohio voters and submit them by July 5, 2026, to get the measure on the ballot.

Who Does Qualified Immunity Protect?

Qualified immunity applies to a broad range of government officials, including:

• Police officers and sheriff’s deputies
• Corrections officers
• Public school teachers and administrators
• Social workers
• Building inspectors
• Public health officials
• EMS drivers
• University officials
• Any other government employee acting in their official capacity

However, some government officials receive different types of immunity. Judges, prosecutors, and legislators typically have absolute immunity for their official actions, which is even broader protection than qualified immunity.

When Qualified Immunity Doesn’t Apply

Qualified immunity is not unlimited protection. Government officials can be held accountable in certain situations:

• Criminal prosecution: Qualified immunity only protects against civil lawsuits, not criminal charges. Officers can still face criminal prosecution for illegal conduct.
• Clearly established law: If prior cases clearly established that the conduct was unconstitutional, qualified immunity doesn’t apply.
• Obviously unconstitutional conduct: In rare cases, courts find that conduct is so shocking that any reasonable person would know it violates the Constitution, even without a prior case.
• Actions outside official duties: If the official acted completely outside the scope of their job responsibilities, immunity may not apply.

Examples of Qualified Immunity in Action

Qualified immunity has protected government officials in various situations, even when courts found constitutional violations occurred. In cases across the country, victims have been denied the ability to hold officials accountable for serious misconduct.

Courts have granted qualified immunity to officials in situations involving excessive force, improper searches, and other constitutional violations simply because no prior case had addressed those exact circumstances.

Ohio’s Current Immunity Laws Beyond Qualified Immunity

Ohio law provides additional immunity protections beyond federal qualified immunity. Ohio Revised Code Section 2950.12 grants immunity to various law enforcement officers and government employees for actions taken under their official duties, unless:

• The action was clearly outside their job responsibilities
• They acted with malicious intent, in bad faith, or recklessly
• A specific state law imposes responsibility for the action

These state-level protections work alongside federal qualified immunity to shield government officials from responsibility.

What Should You Do If a Government Official Injured You?

If you believe a police officer or other government official violated your rights and caused you harm, don’t assume you have no options. While qualified immunity creates significant challenges, there are still paths to justice in some cases.

Important steps to take:

• Document everything: Take photos of injuries, save all medical records, and write down exactly what happened while the details are fresh.
• File reports: Report the incident through appropriate channels, whether that’s filing a formal complaint or reporting to supervisory officials.
• Seek medical attention: Get treatment for your injuries immediately and follow all doctor recommendations.
• Preserve evidence: Keep any physical evidence, videos, witness names, or other documentation.
• Contact an attorney immediately: An experienced personal injury lawyer can evaluate whether you have a viable claim despite qualified immunity.

Don’t discuss your case on social media or with anyone other than your attorney. Insurance companies and government lawyers will look for any statements they can use against you.

How GB Law Can Help with Government Official Liability Cases

Our attorneys have successfully represented injured Ohioans in complex cases involving government officials for over three decades. We understand the challenges qualified immunity creates and know how to build strong cases that overcome these obstacles when possible.

When you work with GB Law, we will:

• Thoroughly investigate your case to determine all potentially responsible parties
• Research whether any clearly established law supports your claim
• Explore all available legal theories, including state law claims
• Gather comprehensive evidence to support your case
• Handle all communications with government lawyers and insurance companies
• Fight to protect your rights throughout the legal process

We work on a contingency fee basis, which means we won’t take a penny unless you accept a settlement or win a verdict. There’s no financial risk to you for a consultation.

Understanding Your Time Limits

Ohio law gives you two years from the date of an incident to file most personal injury lawsuits. However, different time limits may apply to claims against government entities. Some claims require you to file a notice of claim within much shorter timeframes, sometimes as little as six months.

Missing these deadlines can prevent you from recovering any compensation. Don’t wait to contact an attorney. The sooner you reach out, the better we can protect your rights and preserve critical evidence.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I still sue a police officer who violated my rights?

You may be able to sue if you can prove the officer violated clearly established law or if your situation falls under an exception to qualified immunity. Each case is unique, so contact an experienced attorney to evaluate your specific circumstances.

What’s the difference between qualified immunity and sovereign immunity?

Qualified immunity protects individual government employees from lawsuits. Sovereign immunity protects the government entity itself (like a city or state) from lawsuits. Both can make it difficult to recover compensation for injuries caused by government action.

If qualified immunity is eliminated in Ohio, what happens to federal cases?

Even if Ohio eliminates qualified immunity at the state level, federal qualified immunity laws would still apply to federal civil rights lawsuits. However, victims could bring claims under Ohio’s constitution instead of federal law to avoid the federal immunity defense.

Does qualified immunity apply to all lawsuits against police?

No. Qualified immunity only applies to civil lawsuits seeking monetary damages. It doesn’t protect officers from criminal prosecution, internal discipline, or termination. It also doesn’t apply to lawsuits seeking injunctions or other non-monetary relief.

What happens if the proposed Ohio constitutional amendment passes?

If voters approve the amendment, it would create new state-level claims for constitutional violations without qualified immunity protection. This would give victims more options to seek justice when government officials violate their rights.

Contact a Columbus Personal Injury Attorney Today

If you’ve been injured by a government official in Ohio, we understand how overwhelming and frustrating this situation is. You deserve to know your options and have someone fighting for your rights.

Call us today at 614-222-4444 for a free consultation. Our experienced personal injury attorneys will review your case and explain whether you may have a path forward despite qualified immunity protections.

Let us handle the legal complexity while you focus on your recovery. Contact GB Law now to protect your rights and explore your options for seeking justice.

Additional Resources

• Ohio Ambulance Accident Lawyers
• Do Insurance Companies Use Social Media for Personal Injury Claims? How Posting on Social Media Can Impact Your Personal Injury Case
• How To Talk To Insurance Claims Adjusters in Your Injury Case

A Cleveland 19 News investigation reported that on January 15, 2025, an ambulance driver drove through a red light and plowed through the passenger side of a Dodge Charger in Garfield Heights, Ohio. The accident victim was treated for minor injuries, but his car was totaled. Despite evidence that the ambulance driver is at-fault, the city’s insurance company told the victim they were not liable for any damages.

Unfortunately, accidents like this one involving ambulances occur all too frequently—and most ambulance accidents don’t make the news when the driver is at-fault.

Accidents involving ambulettes, which transport patients on a non-emergency basis, happen frequently, but are underreported.

In many cases, patients are dropped and seriously injured while being transferred to or from the ambulette. Ambulettes are also frequently involved in motor vehicle accidents, causing serious injury or death to the patients.

A lot of injury victims are unaware that they are entitled to financial compensation for medical bills, lost income, physical pain, emotional suffering, and loss of enjoyment of life.

If you are injured in a collision involving an ambulance or ambulette or are struck by an ambulance as a pedestrian or bicyclist, you may be able to seek compensation in a personal injury claim.

And our attorneys can help.

Contact the dedicated attorneys at GB Law today.

What Happens If an Ambulance Hits Your Car

Being involved in a collision with an ambulance can be extremely dangerous because emergency vehicles are larger than passenger vehicles. They’re also typically traveling at higher speeds than common traffic.

Collisions at intersections are common when vehicles quickly change direction. This may not give you or other drivers time to brake or slow down before a collision.

Emergency responders and ambulette drivers have a difficult job and work hard to protect the community, sometimes making quick actions and split-second decisions. 

However, when emergency vehicle drivers are making non-emergency transports, which don’t use flashing lights and sirens, they have to abide by all traffic laws and regulations, including following the speed limit, stop signs, and red lights.

Who Is Liable When An Ambulance Driver Causes a Car Accident?

Qualified immunity laws, including those in Ohio, provide broad immunity for EMS personnel, shielding them from liability. This makes it difficult to ensure these drivers, paramedics, and other government entities are held liable when they act negligently.

When an ambulance driver causes an accident, the ambulance company or their insurance company may be liable for victims’ damages, such as medical bills, lost earnings, and pain and suffering.

Before you accept an insurance company’s offer for an accident, speak to a knowledgeable and experienced Ohio personal injury lawyer to determine if the ambulance company or any other third parties may be liable for your injuries. Call 614-222-4444 today.

Common Causes of Accidents Involving Emergency Vehicles

Common causes of accidents involving ambulances in Ohio include:

• Distracted driving
• Fatigued driving
• Lack of driver training
• Failure to activate lights and/or sirens when required
• Speeding
• Unsafely crossing intersections

Many accidents involving ambulances occur because drivers were not complying with mandated restrictions or operating requirements they were trained to follow.

Ambulance Accident Statistics

Unfortunately, Ohio doesn’t have a lot of data regarding crashes involving emergency vehicles. 

According to the National Safety Council, in 2023, 198 people were killed in crashes involving emergency vehicles. 

Of these fatalities, 134 involved police cars, 32 involved ambulances, and 32 involved fire trucks.

Accidents involving injuries occur much more frequently than fatal accidents. 

Serious injuries, including traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, and broken bones, can be physically, emotionally, and financially devastating.

Why Hire Our Ambulance Accident Attorneys?

GB Law is a Columbus personal injury law firm that represents victims of ambulance accidents. This can include drivers and passengers in other vehicles, as well as motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians.

We also have experience representing ambulance drivers and emergency personnel who’ve been injured in traffic collisions while responding to calls.

Our experienced personal injury attorneys have recovered more than $200 million for victims of serious injuries in Ohio.

Contact us at 614-222-4444 to discuss your potential case with a personal injury attorney at our office.

Contact Us Today to Schedule a Free Consultation

Although a personal injury claim can’t undo the pain of a serious injury, it can hold a negligent party accountable. It can also help you to receive the best medical care and not be financially impacted by your injuries.

When you contact GB Law about your Ohio ambulance accident, our award-winning Columbus personal injury lawyers will fully review your legal options, answer your questions, and provide an experienced-based opinion of your potential personal injury case.

Your initial case evaluation with a lawyer is always free. If we represent you in our claim, we will not charge any legal fees unless we recover money for you.

Additional Resources

• Truck Accidents
• Insurance Companies Are Denying Emergency Room Claims
• Does Health Insurance Cover Car Accidents in Ohio?
• Can You File a Car Insurance Claim Without a Police Report?

If you’ve been injured in an accident, you might not realize that your social media activity could impact your personal injury claim.

The short answer is yes, insurance companies absolutely monitor social media profiles when investigating claims, and what you post online can significantly affect the compensation you receive.

We understand how stressful recovering from an accident can be. While you focus on your physical, mental, and emotional recovery, insurance companies are often working to find ways to minimize what they pay you.

At GB Law, we’ve spent decades protecting Ohioans’ rights, and we want you to understand how insurance companies use social media and what you can do to protect your claim.

How Insurance Companies Monitor Your Social Media

Insurers and their legal teams regularly review public profiles on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, LinkedIn, and other platforms. Insurance companies often look through social media to gather evidence that might contradict details about your injury claims or suggest your injuries are not as severe as you’ve stated.

Here’s what they’re looking for:

• Photos or videos showing injury victims engaging in physical activities that contradict claimed injuries
• Check-ins at gyms, sporting events, or vacation destinations
• Comments about your accident or injuries
• Posts showing you at social gatherings or events
• Status updates that might suggest you’re feeling better than claimed
• Photos with timestamps that could create timeline inconsistencies

You don’t need to be “friends” with an adjuster for them to see your content. Insurance companies use various methods to access information, including reviewing public profiles, using third-party investigators, and even requesting social media content during the legal discovery process.

Real Examples of How Insurance Companies Use Social Media Posts to Hurt Your Case

We’ve seen numerous cases where social media posts have damaged otherwise legitimate claims. A person claiming a severe back injury might post vacation photos showing them lifting luggage or playing with their children. Someone reporting depression and emotional trauma after an accident might share cheerful photos at a party.

Insurance companies take these posts out of context. A single photo from a good day doesn’t show the full picture of your recovery journey, but insurance companies may use it to argue that your injuries aren’t as severe as you claim.

In one case, a claimant stated they couldn’t work due to their injuries, but their LinkedIn profile showed they had updated their employment status. In another, a person claiming difficulty walking posted a video of themselves dancing at a wedding. These posts led to significantly reduced settlements.

What You Should Avoid Posting on Social Media During Your Personal Injury Claim

While you’re pursuing a personal injury claim, follow these important guidelines:

• Don’t post about your accident or injuries. This includes details about how the accident happened, how you’re feeling, or updates on your recovery. Even innocent comments can be misinterpreted.
• Avoid posting photos or videos of physical activities. Even if you’re following your doctor’s recommended exercises or having a rare good day, insurance companies can use these images against you.
• Don’t discuss your case or settlement. Never post about ongoing legal proceedings, settlement negotiations, or anything related to your case.
• Skip the vacation and social event posts. If you do travel or attend events during your recovery, resist the urge to post about it. Insurance companies will argue that if you can travel, your injuries must not be that serious.
• Don’t accept new friend requests from people you don’t know. Insurance investigators sometimes create fake profiles to gain access to private accounts.
• Avoid “checking in” at locations. Location tags can contradict statements about your limitations or activities.

Should You Delete Social Media During a Personal Injury Case?

You might be tempted to delete your social media accounts entirely, but this isn’t always the best approach. In fact, deleting posts or accounts after an accident can hurt your case.

Courts and insurance companies may view the deletion of social media content as destroying evidence, which can have serious legal consequences. If you delete posts and the insurance company learns about it, they may argue you’re hiding information that would weaken your claim.

Instead of deleting accounts, the better approach is to:

• Set all accounts to private
• Review your privacy settings on all platforms
• Stop posting new content related to your accident, injuries, or activities
• Don’t delete existing posts without consulting your attorney first
• Be cautious about what you post, even on private accounts

Remember, even private accounts aren’t completely safe. Content can be accessed through legal channels during your case.

Can Insurance Companies Access Private Social Media Accounts?

While insurance companies can’t hack into your private accounts, they have legal ways to access private content. During the discovery phase of a lawsuit, the at-fault party’s attorney can request access to your social media accounts if they believe relevant information exists.

Courts in Ohio have ruled that social media content may be discoverable if it’s relevant to the case. This means you may be required to provide access to private posts, messages, or photos that relate to your injuries or activities.

Additionally, insurance adjusters sometimes hire private investigators who may:

• Screenshot public posts before you make your account private
• Monitor public interactions you have on others’ pages
• Look for tagged photos posted by friends or family members
• Review comments you leave on public posts

Your friends’ and family members’ social media can also be scrutinized. If someone tags you in a photo or post, it could potentially be used in your case, even if you didn’t post it yourself.

What Your Family and Friends Need to Know

It’s important to let your family and friends know about your personal injury claim and ask them to be mindful of their social media activity, too.

Ask them to:

• Avoid posting photos or videos that include you
• Not tag you in posts during your claim
• Refrain from commenting about your accident or injuries
• Be cautious about discussing your case online

Even well-meaning posts from loved ones like “Glad you’re feeling better!” or “Great to see you out and about!” can be taken out of context by insurance companies.

How GB Law’s Personal Injury Attorneys Can Help Protect Your Rights

Our law firm has successfully represented injured Ohioans for more than 30 years. We understand the tactics insurance companies use, including how they monitor and use social media against claimants.

When you work with us, we’ll guide you through every aspect of your case, including:

• Social media guidance. We’ll provide specific advice about managing your social media presence during your claim.
• Thorough investigation. We’ll conduct our own comprehensive investigation of your accident and injuries, gathering evidence that supports your claim.
• Insurance company negotiations. We handle all communications with insurance companies, protecting you from tactics designed to reduce your compensation.
• Complete documentation. We’ll work with your medical providers to fully document your injuries, treatment, and recovery process.

Let us handle the legal complexity while you focus on getting better. Our team works on a contingency fee basis, which means we won’t take a penny unless you accept a settlement or win a verdict.

Contact us for a free consultation.

Additional Steps to Protect Your Personal Injury Claim

Beyond managing your social media presence, there are other important steps to protect your claim:

• Document everything. Keep detailed records of your injuries, medical appointments, expenses, and how your injuries impact your daily life. Write things down rather than posting them online.
• Follow your doctor’s orders. Attend all appointments, follow treatment recommendations, and keep records of everything. Gaps in treatment can be used against you.
• Be honest with your attorney. Tell your personal injury lawyer about any social media posts or online activity that might be relevant to your case. We need to know what’s out there so we can address it proactively.
• Be careful what you say. Even in-person conversations can be problematic. Avoid discussing your case in public places or with anyone other than your attorney.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if I already posted something that could hurt my case?

Don’t panic, and don’t delete anything. Contact an experienced personal injury attorney immediately. The lawyers at GB Law can help you understand the potential impact and develop a strategy to address it. Deleting posts now could make things worse by appearing as if you’re destroying evidence.

Can insurance companies see my direct messages?

While they can’t access your private messages without legal authorization, these messages can be requested during the discovery process if the case goes to court. Assume that the insurance company can see anything you write online.

How long do I need to be careful about posting on social media after an injury?

You should be cautious about your social media activity throughout your entire claim, from the accident until your case is completely settled. Even after settlement, it’s wise to be mindful of what you post, as it could affect other matters.

What if someone else posts a photo of me without my permission?

You can’t always control what others post, but you can ask them to remove it or untag you. Let your attorney know about these situations so they can be addressed if necessary.

Contact a Personal Injury Lawyer Today

If you’ve been injured in an accident in Columbus or anywhere in Ohio, don’t let insurance company tactics reduce the compensation you deserve.

The skilled personal injury attorneys at GB Law know how to build strong cases and protect our clients from insurance company strategies, including social media monitoring.

We offer free consultations to discuss your case and answer your questions. There’s no risk in reaching out to us, and we work on a contingency fee basis, which means you pay nothing unless we successfully settle your case.

Call us today at 614-222-4444 to get started on your personal injury claim. We’re here to help you navigate this difficult time and fight for the compensation you need to move forward with your recovery.

Don’t wait to protect your rights. The sooner you contact us, the sooner we can help you avoid costly mistakes that could impact your claim.

Additional Resources

• 4 Things to Do Immediately After You’re Injured in a Car Accident
• How To Talk To Insurance Claims Adjusters in Your Injury Case
• Do’s and Don’ts: Medical Care During a Car Accident Case

Car crashes are stressful enough without having to navigate confusing insurance laws. When you’re injured in a collision in Ohio, one of the first questions you need answered is: “Is Ohio a no-fault state for car accidents?”

The answer is no, Ohio is not a no-fault state. This is good news if you were injured in an accident because it means you can hold the at-fault driver responsible and seek full compensation for all your damages, including pain and suffering.

What is a No-Fault State for Car Accidents?

In no-fault states, drivers must file claims with their own insurance companies regardless of who caused the collision. These states require Personal Injury Protection coverage (or PIP insurance), which pays for medical expenses and lost wages without determining who was at fault.

No-fault insurance systems limit your ability to file a lawsuit against the at-fault driver unless your injuries meet certain severity thresholds.

Ohio is an At-Fault State for Car Accidents

Ohio operates on an at-fault insurance system. This means the driver who caused the accident is responsible for paying for the damages and injuries they caused.

Under Ohio law, you have the right to:

• File a claim with the at-fault driver’s insurance company
• Pursue compensation for all your damages, including medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and property damage
• File a lawsuit against the at-fault driver if their insurance company refuses to offer fair compensation

This system gives you more options for seeking full compensation compared to no-fault states.

How Ohio’s At-Fault System Works

After a car accident in Ohio, determining fault is crucial to your claim. The at-fault driver’s insurance company is responsible for compensating you for your injuries and losses.

Here’s what typically happens:

• Investigation of Fault: Your personal injury attorney will review the police report, gather witness statements, analyze photographs from the scene, and consult with accident reconstruction experts if needed to establish who was responsible.
• Filing Your Claim: You can file a claim directly with the at-fault driver’s insurance company and your own insurance company especially if your accident happened in a no-fault state. The insurance provider will investigate the accident and review your damages before making a settlement offer.
• Negotiation: Insurance companies often try to minimize payouts. Your attorney will negotiate with the insurance company to ensure you receive fair compensation for all your current and future damages.
• Lawsuit if Necessary: If the insurance company refuses to offer a reasonable settlement, you have the right to file a lawsuit and take your case to court.

What if You Share Some Fault?

If your car accident happens in Ohio, then a modified comparative negligence law applies to your case. This means you can still recover compensation even if you were partially at fault for the accident, as long as you were less than 51% responsible.

Your compensation will be reduced by your percentage of fault. For example, if you’re awarded $100,000 but found to be 20% at fault, you would receive $80,000.

This means you shouldn’t have to worry that a small mistake will prevent you from recovering damages for serious injuries caused primarily by another driver’s carelessness.

Minimum Car Insurance Requirements in Ohio

Ohio requires all drivers to carry liability insurance to cover the minimum amounts of:

• $25,000 per person for bodily injury
• $50,000 per accident for bodily injury (when multiple people are injured)
• $25,000 per accident for property damage

Unfortunately, these minimum amounts often fall short of covering serious accident injuries. If the at-fault driver only carries minimum coverage and your damages exceed those limits, you may need to explore other options for compensation, like a medical payment coverage policy to cover medical expenses.

What Compensation Can You Recover in Ohio?

Because Ohio is an at-fault state, you can pursue full compensation for all damages related to your accident, including:

• Medical expenses (emergency care, surgery, hospitalization, medications, physical therapy)
• Future medical costs for ongoing treatment
• Lost wages and lost earning capacity
• Property damage to your vehicle
• Pain and suffering
• Emotional distress
• Loss of enjoyment of life
• Permanent disability or disfigurement

Time Limits for Filing a Claim in Ohio

Ohio’s statute of limitations gives you two years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury lawsuit. Missing this deadline could prevent you from recovering any compensation at all.

Don’t wait. The sooner you contact an attorney after your accident, the better. Early action allows your legal team to:

• Preserve critical evidence before it disappears
• Interview witnesses while their memories are fresh
• Begin negotiations with insurance companies promptly
• Protect your rights throughout the claims process

Why Choose GB Law as Your Ohio Car Accident Attorney

At GB Law, we’ve successfully represented car accident victims in Columbus and throughout Ohio for over 30 years. We understand Ohio’s at-fault insurance system and know how to hold negligent drivers and their insurance companies accountable.

Our attorneys will:

• Conduct a thorough investigation to establish fault
• Gather all necessary evidence to support your claim
• Handle all communications with insurance companies
• Fight for full compensation for all your current and future damages
• Take your case to trial if necessary to get you the results you deserve

We work on a contingency fee basis, which means we won’t take a penny unless you accept a settlement or win a verdict. There’s no financial risk to you when you hire GB Law.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need an attorney if the other driver was clearly at fault?

Even when fault seems obvious, insurance companies will look for any reason to reduce or deny your claim. An experienced attorney protects your rights and ensures you receive fair compensation rather than accepting the insurance company’s initial low offer. You can contact our law firm for a free consultation.

What if the at-fault driver doesn’t have insurance?

If you’re hit by an uninsured driver, you may be able to recover compensation through your own uninsured motorist coverage.

Most car insurance policies, including comprehensive coverage policies, do not include uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage (UIM) by default. 

We strongly recommend adding uninsured motorist coverage to your current auto insurance plan.

Can I still file a claim if I wasn’t sure who was at fault?

Yes. Determining fault requires a thorough investigation of the accident. Your attorney will gather evidence and work with experts to establish responsibility. Don’t assume you can’t recover compensation just because fault isn’t immediately clear.

What should I do right after an auto accident in Ohio?

If you were involved in a car crash, call 911 immediately, even if your injuries seem minor. Seek medical attention, report the accident to the police, document the accident scene with photos, exchange contact and insurance information with the other driver(s), and contact an Ohio car accident attorney before speaking to any insurance companies.

Contact GB Law Today for a Free Consultation with Personal Injury Lawyers

If you’ve been injured in a car accident in Ohio, we understand how stressful this time is for you and your family. While you focus on your recovery, let us handle the legal complexities of your personal injury claim.

Call us today at 614-222-4444 for a free consultation. Our experienced car accident lawyers are ready to fight for the compensation you deserve.

Don’t let insurance companies take advantage of you. Contact GB Law now to protect your rights under Ohio’s at-fault insurance system.

Additional Resources

• Is Uninsured Motorist Coverage Required in Ohio?
• Is the Minimum Ohio Car Insurance Coverage Enough?
• Does Health Insurance Cover Car Accidents in Ohio?

Riding a motorcycle in Columbus comes with unique risks. While you’re focused on enjoying the freedom of the open road, other drivers may not be paying attention and may not even have insurance.

If you’re wondering whether uninsured motorist coverage is necessary for your motorcycle, the answer is yes.

We understand how vulnerable motorcyclists are on Ohio roads. You shouldn’t have to worry about whether the other driver has enough insurance coverage to cover your injuries and damages if they cause an accident.

What Is Uninsured Motorist Coverage for Motorcycles?

Uninsured motorist (UM) and underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage protects you when you’re injured in an accident caused by a driver who has no insurance or insufficient insurance to cover your damages. 

This coverage is part of your own motorcycle insurance policy and steps in when the at-fault driver cannot compensate you for:

• Medical bills and hospital expenses
• Lost income from time off work
• Pain and suffering
• Damage to your bike repair or replacement costs

Unlike car insurance, Ohio law does not require motorcyclists to carry uninsured motorist coverage. 

Too Many Ohio Drivers Carry Inadequate Insurance Coverage

Approximately 18.5% of drivers in Ohio operate their vehicles without any insurance, despite it being illegal. Even more concerning for motorcyclists is that many insured drivers carry only the minimum amount of liability coverage Ohio law requires:

• Bodily injury liability: Up to $25,000 for injuries per person or $50,000 per accident if multiple people are injured
• Property damage liability: Up to $25,000 for another person’s property

If you’re seriously injured in a motorcycle accident and face $100,000 in medical bills alone, that minimum coverage leaves you responsible for $75,000 in expenses.

For many accident victims, this financial burden can be devastating.

Why Motorcyclists Face Higher Risks

Motorcycle accidents often result in more severe injuries than car accidents because riders lack the protective shell of a vehicle. Common injuries include:

• Traumatic brain injuries
• Spinal cord injuries
• Broken bones and fractures
• Road rash and severe burns
• Internal injuries

These injuries frequently require extensive medical treatment, lengthy recovery periods, and significant time away from work. The costs can quickly exceed what minimum insurance coverage provides.

Common Scenarios Where Uninsured Motorist Coverage Protects You

Uninsured motorist coverage becomes essential in several situations:

• Hit-and-run accidents: The at-fault driver flees the scene and cannot be identified
• Uninsured drivers: The at-fault driver has no insurance whatsoever
• Underinsured drivers: The at-fault driver’s coverage is insufficient for your damages
• Stolen vehicle accidents: You’re hit by someone driving a stolen car

Without this protection, you could be left paying medical bills, motorcycle repairs, and lost wages out of your own pocket.

What Does Uninsured Motorist Coverage Cost?

Many motorcyclists try to save money on their insurance premiums. Chances are, you’re already paying for auto insurance and use your car year-round. Getting additional motorcycle insurance coverage isn’t a top priority when you’re cycling a few months each year.

But uninsured motorist coverage is relatively affordable. Most motorcycle owners can add this protection for an additional $50 to $200 per year, depending on their coverage limits and insurance company.

When weighed against the potential financial devastation of a serious accident, this small investment protects you more in the long term.

How Much Uninsured Motorist Coverage Should You Carry?

GB Law recommends carrying uninsured motorist coverage limits that match or exceed your liability coverage. Consider these factors when selecting coverage amounts:

• Your income level and potential lost wages
• Your assets that need protection
• The cost of quality medical care in Columbus
• The value of your motorcycle

Don’t rely on minimum coverage amounts. If you can afford higher liability limits, they’re worth the extra cost.

I Already Have Full Motorcycle Coverage. Do I Still Need Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist Coverage?

We’ve seen too many situations where motorcyclists believe their full coverage policy is enough to protect them in the event of a crash.

Unfortunately, that’s not always the case. 

A full coverage motorcycle policy in Ohio typically combines:

• State-required minimum liability insurance coverage
• Collision coverage (covers damage to your motorcycle regardless of fault)
• Comprehensive coverage (covers damage and events like theft, vandalism, fire, and weather)

Most full coverage policies for motorcycles do not include uninsured and underinsured motorist coverages.

If another driver without insurance injures you in an accident, your full coverage policy isn’t going to help you when you need it most.

Even if you have full coverage on your motorcycle, you still should get UIM and UM coverage to protect yourself financially.

It’s also a good idea to add medical payments coverage, especially if you don’t have health insurance.

Does Using My Uninsured Motorist Coverage Raise My Insurance Rates?

If you are not at fault for an accident involving an uninsured motorist, your insurance rates should not go up.

Insurance rates should only go up when insurance companies raise their annual rates.

If your insurance company’s premiums have gotten too high, then it’s time to shop around and switch to another carrier. You aren’t married to State Farm, so you don’t need to stick with them or any other insurance carrier if it’s not working for you.

GB Law: Decades of Experience Protecting Columbus Motorcyclists

At GB Law, we’ve successfully represented motorcyclists in Columbus for decades. We understand the unique challenges riders face when dealing with insurance companies after an accident know how to build strong cases that result in fair compensation.

Our lawyers work on a contingency fee basis, which means you won’t pay a penny unless we secure a settlement or verdict in your favor.

Contact us for a free consultation to discuss your case and help you understand your options.

Don’t Wait to Protect Yourself

Every day you ride without adequate uninsured motorist coverage, you’re taking an unnecessary financial risk. Contact your insurance agent today to add this essential protection to your motorcycle policy.

If you’ve been injured in a motorcycle accident involving an uninsured or underinsured driver, contact GB Law today at 614-222-4444 for a free consultation. We’ll review your case, explain your options, and fight to get you the compensation you deserve while you focus on your recovery.

Don’t let an uninsured driver’s poor decisions derail your financial future. Protect yourself with adequate coverage, and know that the personal injury lawyers at GB Law are here to help if the unexpected happens.

Contact GB Law at 614-222-4444 for your free consultation.

Additional Resources

• Is the Ohio Minimum Car Insurance Coverage Enough?
• Is Uninsured Motorist Coverage Required in Ohio?
• Ohio Motorcycle Laws: Know Before You Ride
• Car Accident Lawyers
• Motorcycle Accident Lawyers

Edibles—like gummies, chocolates, and baked goods infused with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—are increasingly common in homes. While these products are designed for adults, children can easily mistake them for regular treats. 

If your child accidentally ingests a cannabis edible, it can be a frightening situation. It’s important to recognize the effects of marijuana edibles on children, potential health risks, and the steps you should take if your child accidentally ingests marijuana products.

Cannabis Poisonings are on the Rise in Children

According to the Central Ohio Poison Center, more than 200 children under age 6 were exposed to edibles from January 2024 to July 2024—a 49% increase in exposure to edibles in that age group from 2023. 

The number of calls to poison control centers, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations due to marijuana exposure is expected to increase since Ohio legalized recreational marijuana in November 2023 and launched legal adult-use sales on August 6, 2024.

GB Law attorney J. Scott Bowman has represented clients including Amy Enochs, whose case made the front page of The New York Times.

Bowman was heavily involved in the reporter’s investigation of the rise in cannabis poisoning in children.

If your child has suffered from accidental cannabis poisoning, you need a knowledgeable lawyer like Bowman. Contact GB Law now.

What Happens If a Child Eats Edibles

When a child ingests an edible, the effects can be more severe than in adults because children have smaller body sizes and are more sensitive to THC, the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.

Here are some common symptoms you may observe:

• Drowsiness or Lethargy: Cannabis can cause extreme fatigue in children, making it difficult to wake them.
• Unusual Behavior: You may notice your child acting confused or disoriented.
• Nausea or Vomiting: Ingesting a large dose of THC can upset a child’s stomach.
• Loss of Coordination: Cannabis can affect motor skills, causing stumbling or difficulty walking.
• Breathing Difficulties: In severe cases of THC poisoning, a child may experience slow or labored breathing.

If you notice any of these symptoms after your child eats an edible, seek immediate medical attention. Call the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 or take your child to the emergency room for proper care.

Health Risks of Ingesting Marijuana on Children 

The intensity and duration of symptoms depend on how much THC was ingested, the child’s weight, and how sensitive they are to cannabis.

Here are some potential health risks:

• Intoxication: Cannabis intoxication can cause cognitive impairment, loss of motor control, and altered perceptions.
• Dehydration: Vomiting and nausea can lead to dehydration, especially in young children.
• Respiratory Issues: THC can suppress breathing, posing serious risks for younger kids.
• Seizures: In extreme cases, large doses of THC can trigger seizures.

While most children recover with prompt medical intervention, severe cases can result in long-term health complications.

Safety Tips for Preventing Children and Teens from Accidentally Consuming Cannabis Edibles

To minimize the risk of accidental ingestion, here are some important safety steps every household should take:

Keep Marijuana Edibles Out of Reach of Children

Keep all edible cannabis products in a locked cabinet or a high shelf that children cannot access. Ensure they are stored in child-resistant containers.   

Educate Your Children

Teach your kids to avoid eating any food or candy that isn’t given to them by a trusted adult, especially if they find it in an unfamiliar location.

Label All Edible Products

Clearly label all cannabis edibles and keep them in their original packaging to prevent confusion with regular snacks.

While Ohio law requires regulated edible marijuana products to have child-resistant packaging and cannot be appealing to children, products containing delta 8, a strain of modified hemp that creates a similar high to THC, are not regulated. Many delta 8 edibles are packaged in designs that emulate legitimate candies, which may confuse children.

Avoid Consuming Marijuana Products in Front of Kids

Young children often mimic the behavior of adults. Avoid using edibles in front of them, so they aren’t curious or tempted to try them.

Dispose of Edibles Safely

If you have leftover edibles or any cannabis products you no longer need, dispose of them properly to ensure they don’t end up in the wrong hands.

What to Do If Your Child Eats an Edible

If you suspect your child has eaten an edible, stay calm but act quickly:

1. Call the Poison Control Center Hotline

The nationwide Poison Control hotline is available 24/7 at 1-800-222-1222.

2. Monitor Your Child

Stay with your child and observe their behavior closely for any signs of distress or unusual symptoms.

3. Seek Medical Attention

If symptoms appear severe or worsen over time, take your child to the nearest emergency room.

Legal Implications of Unintentional Marijuana Exposure for Parents in Ohio

In Ohio, medical and recreational use of marijuana is legal. 

Despite it being legal, you may face legal scrutiny if your child—or someone else’s—consumes an edible. In some cases, Child Protective Services (CPS) could become involved if there is concern over child endangerment.

The personal injury lawyers at GB Law have seen firsthand how easily accidents like these can happen.

If your family is facing legal issues due to a child’s accidental ingestion of cannabis, it’s important to seek legal advice to understand your rights and responsibilities.

Contact us today for a free consultation.

Final Thoughts

While cannabis edibles can be a safe way for adults to consume marijuana, they pose serious risks for children. Taking preventive measures and acting quickly in the event of an accidental ingestion can help protect your child’s health and your family’s legal standing.

If you need legal assistance or advice, feel free to contact our office for a free consultation.

Additional Resources

• When Is It OK to Sue a Friend or Family Member After an Accident?
• The Role of The Probate Court in Settlements for Minors
• J. Scott Bowman Represents 2 Affected Families in THC Gummy Case

If you’ve been in a car accident, you will likely have to talk to an insurance claims adjuster. Though speaking with them may sound simple, this process is often deceptive, challenging, and daunting. 

Navigating this process alone could mean missing out on tens of thousands of dollars — or even hundreds of thousands — in economic and non-economic damages that you may be entitled to by law.

Fortunately, our personal injury attorneys can guide you through this process. Our top priorities in working with our car accident clients are building a comprehensive claim, avoiding common pitfalls set by claims adjusters, and pursuing a fair settlement for your case.

The auto insurance companies should be notified of the location of your car as soon as possible. We recommend that someone immediately tell the auto insurance companies where your car is located so that the damage can be inspected as soon as possible. This means that you, your lawyer, or a family member should provide the location of your car to the at-fault party’s insurance company and your own auto insurance company.

We do not recommend that you give a recorded statement to the claims adjuster. We also do not recommend that you discuss your injuries and medical treatment. There is no harm in telling the claims adjuster that you are injured and receiving medical treatment. 

Continue reading to learn more about how to talk to insurance claims adjusters and what they are looking for in a car accident claim.

What are Insurance Adjusters?

An insurance claims adjuster works for an insurance company. 

Their job is to review car accident claims and determine how much money the company should pay out. 

You may have several different adjusters to deal with: one for the damage to your vehicle, one for your bodily injury claim, and even another one for your medical payments coverage claim. 

You have to be careful when dealing with insurance claims adjusters. 

Initially, insurance adjusters will make it sound like they have your best interests in mind. 

To you, it may seem like they are working with you to ensure you get a full and fair settlement that accounts for the economic losses, expenses, pain, and suffering caused by your accident. 

However, they’re not looking out for your best interests. Claims adjusters are trained to make promises after a car accident to build trust and collect information from you that may harm your case. A claims adjuster may ask you to sign a medical authorization so that they can sift through your medical records with a view toward finding information that they can use against you. 

They’re out for the best interests of their employer, the insurance company, and it is in the best interests of the insurance company to pay you as little as possible. 

Insurance claims adjusters may tell you things like:

• “There’s no need to contact an attorney.”
• “We will pay your medical bills.”
• “As your insurance provider, we’ll handle everything for you.” 

Meanwhile, they’ll put your bills in a file and opt for inaction during the claims process, as your lost wages, medical expenses, therapy, and rehabilitation bills start piling up.

Remember: insurance adjusters work for the insurance company, not for you.

What Does an Insurance Claims Adjuster Look For?

Insurance claims adjusters actively listen for anything they can use to

• Create doubt in your injury claim;
• Reduce your total settlement; or
• Even deny your claim.

Even the smallest details can affect your ability to get full and fair compensation for your car accident injury or personal injury claim. 

Take this example:  

Say you mention to the insurance adjuster that your treatment seems to be helping, and you are starting to feel better. However, after you get back to all of your normal activities, your condition declines because you still aren’t fully healed.

The insurance adjuster will use your comments about getting better as evidence that your accident injury had healed and that something else was now causing it to get worse. This seemingly innocuous bit of information can often be enough for them to either substantially lessen your claim or throw it out entirely.

Things Not to Say to an Insurance Adjuster After a Car Accident

Do Not Sign Any Medical Authorization Forms for the Insurance Company

One of the worst things you can do is give medical authorizations to an insurance claims adjuster. 

Signing a medical authorization gives the insurance agency full access to all your medical records, even those not related to your injury claim. 

Again, they will use anything they can find in your records to cast doubt on whether or not the accident was the sole source of your injury and trauma in an attempt to reduce the cost of your settlement.

Instead, contact our personal injury lawyers immediately, even before your initial conversation with a claims adjuster. 

Our attorneys can guide you through this process and away from the common pitfalls that car accident victims fall prey to when speaking with insurance adjusters on their own.

Once you hire one of our personal injury attorneys, more often than not, you won’t even have to talk to an insurance claims adjuster. We do the talking for you.

Do Not Share Details About Your Injuries with the Claims Adjuster

Mentioning anything related to your health or injury is a huge risk.

Remember: Sharing the smallest detail with the claims adjuster can weaken your claim and decrease your settlement amount.

Do Not Share Details About Your Prior Medical Conditions or Old Injuries

You may have seen your primary care physician or other doctors before the accident for numerous medical conditions that have nothing to do with the car accident. 

Don’t share this information with the claims adjuster. 

The claims adjuster will use any information that you provide about medical treatments you had before the accident to undermine your injury case.

Do Not Tell the Adjuster Details About the Accident

Don’t share any information about the accident, either. In some cases, sharing too much information (or any information) about the accident itself may result in the insurance company claiming you’re the at-fault driver when that may not be the case.

For example:

You mention to the insurance adjuster that, as you approached an intersection with a green light, you noticed the at-fault driver in the opposite direction, in the left turning lane, waiting to turn left. 

You then say you continued to proceed toward and through the intersection because you had the right of way, and all of a sudden, the at-fault driver turned left in front of you, causing the collision.

A common adjuster tactic is using the “admission” that you saw the other vehicle getting ready to turn as an admission that you failed to keep a proper lookout and, therefore, the wreck is partially your fault.

Yes, that sounds ridiculous.

But it is used all of the time by insurance companies to devalue your claim.

You don’t need to go into detail when talking to the insurance claim adjuster. 

Any information you share can and will be used against you later to reduce the settlement offer.

What Should I Say to My Insurance Adjuster After an Accident?

Before speaking with an insurance adjuster, you should contact a car accident lawyer at GB Law first for information. 

Insurance adjusters handle claims all day, every day. 

Level the playing field by finding out how to protect yourself rather than falling victim to traps you otherwise wouldn’t be able to avoid. If you decide to hire one of our experienced car accident attorneys, you won’t have to talk to insurance adjusters. 

Our attorneys will take your insurance claims adjuster’s contact information and serve as their direct point of contact as we guide you through the claims process.

How Do You Negotiate with a Claims Adjuster?

You should never negotiate with an insurance claims adjuster without a lawyer.

There’s a saying that goes, “A person who represents himself has a fool for a lawyer.” This directly applies to personal injury claims and cases.

Don’t get taken advantage of by insurance adjusters. 

A seasoned personal injury attorney or firm is the only party qualified to negotiate with an adjuster and formally handle your claim or case. 

In addition, trying to negotiate with an insurance adjuster on your own is, in itself, another common mistake that can quickly devalue your claim. 

In circumstances like this, we see insurance adjusters fall back on, “If your accident was so injurious or traumatic, how are you healthy and able to represent yourself?”

Our injury attorneys have decades of experience in avoiding these pitfalls, speaking with insurance adjusters, and representing clients through the injury claims process. 

We know what to look out for and will fight for our clients and the settlement they deserve.

How Do I Get the Most Out of My Insurance Claim?

To get the most out of your insurance claim, contact the car accident attorneys at GB Law for a free consultation.

Additional Resources

• 4 Things to Do Immediately After You’re Injured in a Car Accident
• Do’s and Don’ts: Medical Care During a Car Accident Case
• Can You File a Car Insurance Claim Without a Police Report?
• What Should I Avoid Doing After a Car Accident?
• How Are Car Accident Settlements Calculated by Insurance Companies?
• Is the Ohio Minimum Car Insurance Coverage Enough?

There are nearly 17,000 dog attacks or bites reported in Ohio annually, according to The Columbus Dispatch‘s 2025 investigative report. But experts believe the actual number of attacks is twice the size because so few people report the incident.

There may be times when a dog bite victim doesn’t want to report a dog bite or attack. In some cases, a victim may not know that they (or anyone with knowledge of a bite) are legally required to file a report for any “non-human animal” bite in Ohio.

If you have been bitten by an animal, follow the guide below so you know what to do going forward.

Protect Your Health and Seek Medical Care

Getting medical attention as soon as possible is critical following a dog bite. This is important for your physical well-being and preventing infection, as well as documenting your injuries should you decide to pursue a claim.

Even if the dog bite doesn’t seem serious, it’s best to seek medical treatment. Dog saliva contains dangerous bacteria, which are often transmitted through the bite. Your healthcare provider may also want to complete a rabies exposure risk assessment and check the dog’s rabies vaccination status.

Quickly Report the Dog Bite to the Local Health Department

Ohio law requires dog bite victims, healthcare providers, and veterinarians to file a bite report within 24 hours of the incident to the local health commissioner where the bite occurred (Ohio Revised Code Section 3701-3-28).

Filing a report kickstarts an investigation into the incident, which could help your dog bite case. You can also call the local police department immediately after the dog bite occurs, and the police will often conduct a full investigation and also work with the Animal Control Department in your area. 

Local health department and commissioner contact information can be found on the Ohio Department of Health website. Reports of dog bites in Columbus should be made to Franklin County Public Health.

Waiting more than 24 hours to report the bite violates statutes, putting your case at risk.

Is the Dog Owner Responsible for Paying the Cost of Damages?

State law holds dog owners strictly liable for injuries caused by their dog. This means that unless the person harmed was provoking the dog, teasing it, or trespassing on the owner’s property, the dog’s owner will be liable.

There’s a common misconception that the dog owner must pay for damages out of their pocket. But in most cases, the dog owner’s homeowners or renters insurance will pay for damages.

This misconception makes many people reluctant to report the attack, especially when it involves a friend or family member’s dog.

Compensation Available for Dog Bite Injuries in Ohio

In an Ohio dog bite personal injury claim, victims may be able to recover damages for:

• Medical expenses (including plastic surgery for scarring or disfigurement)
• Lost earnings
• Pain and suffering

Many people who are bitten by a dog accept a settlement without fully understanding the full impact of their injuries. This can be an unfortunate mistake, because dog bite injury victims may be able to recover far more compensation if they have an experienced attorney representing them.

Consult with an Ohio Dog Bite Lawyer About Your Potential Case

At GB Law, our Columbus dog bite attorneys understand how far-reaching the effects of a dog bite incident can be, even beyond broken bones, disfigurement, and scarring. 

Before you accept an insurance company’s offer for a dog bite injury, call us at 614-222-4444 to discuss your legal rights.

We offer a free consultation to evaluate your potential claim and answer your questions. If we represent you, under our contingency fee agreement, there are no legal fees unless we recover money for you.

Additional Resources

• Dog Bite Lawyer
• Ohio Dog Bite Law Investigation Recap
• When Is It OK to Sue a Friend or Family Member After an Accident?
• What Is a Personal Injury Claim?

The Columbus Dispatch, along with The Cincinnati Enquirer, Akron Beacon Journal, and Canton Repository, published a 9-month-long investigation into Ohio dog bite laws on March 8, 2025.

The investigation found that Ohio law gives dog bite victims little legal recourse against dog owners found liable and dog owners face minimal consequences when their dog injures another person — even in cases with severe injuries.

Additionally, dog bites may be far more common in Ohio than one may think.

How Many Dog Bites Are Reported in Ohio Every Year?

Dogs attack 17,000 people in Ohio each year, causing injuries that require medical attention or the presence of law enforcement officers.

However, that is only the average number reported. Experts believe the number could be double that because many bites go unreported.

Current Dog Bite Laws

Aggressive Dog Classifications

When a dog bites someone, it doesn’t immediately result in a euthanasia order. Instead, the dog will be classified based on its behavior in the bite incident. There are 3 classifications:

• Nuisance: The dog acted menacingly toward someone, such as chasing, growling, or snapping.
• Dangerous: The dog caused a non-serious injury to a person, killed another dog, or was caught running loose a third time.
• Vicious: The dog caused serious injury (i.e., maiming, disfigurement, or permanent incapacitation) or killed a person. 

The classification determines the consequences for the dog owner and in rarer cases, the dog.

Under current law, a dog may be killed if it has killed a person. That decision is up to the judge presiding over a case. The only time a judge is required to order euthanasia is when a vicious dog kills a second person.

It should not take two deaths to determine if the dog should be euthanized, but that is what current Ohio law allows. 

Dangerous and Vicious Dog Owner Requirements

Ohio law requires the owners of dangerous or vicious dogs to

• keep their dog locked in covered enclosures while at home
• muzzle their dog
• keep the dog outside on a short chain-link leash
• post a warning sign on the premises where the dog lives (there are no guidelines for the size of the sign or what should be on the sign)
• microchip, vaccinate, and spay or neuter the dog
• buy an annual dangerous dog tag for $50

A judge may order the owner of a dangerous dog to buy liability insurance. Extra insurance is required for owners of vicious dogs.

It is difficult for the general public to know if a dog has bitten someone, as there is no public database listing all bite reports or registered dangerous and vicious dogs.

Fines

Fines for failure to register a dog as dangerous or vicious or failure to confine or control a dog start at $25, with fines for subsequent offenses starting at $75. Fines may increase when a dog is registered as dangerous or vicious.

These are minimal fines that do little to incentivize dog owners to prevent future attacks.

Civil Damages

Victims can file a dog bite claim in civil court, where the owner’s homeowners or renters’ insurance will pay out damages for injuries. This also means dog owners do not pay out of their pocket.

Many insurance agencies cap the payout amounts, which can make it difficult for victims with serious injuries to recover enough money to cover medical expenses and lost wages. (That’s why it’s important to hire a dog bite lawyer to help you get the compensation you deserve.) 

Who is Liable for a Dog Bite?

Ohio is a strict liability state. Per the Ohio Revised Code 955.28, this means “the owner, keeper, or harborer of a dog is liable in damages for any injury, death, or loss to person or property that is caused by the dog” with the exception of dog bite cases in which the victim provoked the dog into attacking. “Provoking” may include trespassing or another criminal offense like abusing the dog.

Lawmakers Look to Reform Ohio Dog Bite Laws

The good news is this: Thanks to the hard work of journalists, state representatives Kevin Miller (R-Newark) and Meredith Larson-Rowe (D-Canal Winchester) intend to work across the aisle and with county dog wardens to reform Ohio’s dog bite laws.

Rep. Miller is hesitant to increase criminal penalties for dog owners, which may make the bill difficult to pass. But he has shown interest in requiring one death to result in euthanasia, regardless of whether or not a dog is vicious; giving county dog wardens additional tools; and clarifying dog owners’ legal responsibilities.

The Ohio County Dog Warden Association would like to see the following changes added to state law:

• The creation of a public database of dangerous dog registrations
• The establishment of statewide training standards for county dog wardens that include Ohio law, safety, and animal behavior
• Clarification of dog wardens’ powers
• Increased penalties for owners whose dogs cause serious injuries
• The requirement of euthanasia of all dogs deemed vicious
• Provide funding for county dog shelters and require shelters to spay and neuter dogs before adopting them out

Injured By a Dog? Contact A Dog Bite Lawyer

While the state of Ohio is long overdue for dog bite law reform, there’s no guarantee it will pass. The most recent changes to dog bite law in Ohio occurred in 2012, and the last time lawmakers attempted to introduce reform legislation was in 2019.

Regardless of passage, there will always be victims of dog bites.

If you’ve been bitten by a dog, don’t wait. Report the bite to the county in which the bite occurred, seek medical care, and contact the dog bite lawyers at GB Law today for a free consultation.

Additional Resources

• Reporting a Dog Bite in Ohio
• When Is It OK to Sue a Friend or Family Member After an Accident?

In recent years, firefighters across the United States have increasingly filed lawsuits concerning PFAS exposure. While much of the focus has been on firefighting foam, an alarming source of PFAS exposure is now being uncovered: firefighting gear.

What are PFAS Chemicals?

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of manmade chemicals used in various industrial applications and consumer products.

Known as “forever chemicals” due to their persistence in the environment and the human body, PFAS chemicals do not break down and can accumulate over time. 

What are the Risks of PFAS Exposure?

Exposure to PFAS has been linked to cancer and various health issues, including:

• Kidney cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Liver damage
• Immune system effects
• Thyroid disease
• Developmental issues in infants and children

For firefighters, the primary source of PFAS exposure was thought to be aqueous film forming foam (AFFF).

However, recent studies and investigations have revealed that firefighting gear itself can also be a significant source of PFAS exposure.

The Hidden Dangers in Firefighter Gear

Turnout gear, protective gear designed to protect firefighters from the intense heat and hazards of their job, often contains PFAS for its water- and stain-resistant properties.

The regular use of this gear, coupled with the high heat and physical exertion firefighters experience, can cause PFAS to break down and be absorbed through the skin or inhaled. This prolonged exposure to toxic PFAS chemicals poses significant health risks to firefighters, increasing cancer risk and even causing cancer.

The Legal Battle: Firefighter PFAS Lawsuits

Firefighters across the country are now taking legal action against manufacturers of firefighting gear containing PFAS. 

These lawsuits argue that the companies (like 3M and DuPont) producing and distributing this gear were aware of the health risks but failed to adequately warn users or provide safer alternatives.

The key points of contention in these lawsuits include:

• Failure to Warn: Firefighters allege that manufacturers knew about the dangers of PFAS but did not sufficiently warn them about the high levels of PFAS in the gear.
• Negligence: Claims that companies were negligent in producing and distributing dangerous products.
• Product Liability: Asserting that PFAS-containing gear is defective and unreasonably dangerous.

Recent Developments in Firefighter Turnout Gear Lawsuits

The legal landscape surrounding PFAS in firefighting gear is evolving rapidly. Here are some key recent developments:

• Class-Action Lawsuits: Many firefighters have banded together to file class-action lawsuits, seeking compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and other damages.
• State and Federal Legislation: There has been a push for stricter regulations and bans on PFAS in firefighting gear, with several states enacting laws to limit the use of PFAS.
• Turnout Gear PFAS Settlements and Verdicts: Some cases have already resulted in significant settlements, setting precedents for future PFAS litigation. In June 2023, 3M announced a $10 billion settlement following an AFFF class action lawsuit in South Carolina.

The Path Forward

For firefighters affected by PFAS exposure through their gear, the path forward includes both legal and legislative actions. As awareness grows, it is crucial for firefighters and their advocates to stay informed and involved. Key steps include:

• Legal Consultation: Affected firefighters should seek legal advice to explore their options for joining existing PFAS turnout gear lawsuits or filing new claims. Click here to start your free consultation.
• Advocacy and Support: Joining firefighter unions and advocacy groups can provide support and amplify the call for stricter regulations and compensation.
• Staying Informed: Keeping up with the latest developments in PFAS research and litigation is essential for understanding the risks and rights of those affected.

File a PFAS Firefighter Lawsuit

The firefighter PFAS lawsuit represents a critical battle for health, safety, and justice. As the legal and scientific communities continue to uncover the extent of PFAS-related risks, it is imperative for firefighters and their families to remain vigilant and proactive.

If you or a loved one worked as a firefighter and have been diagnosed with cancer after being exposed to PFAS from AFFF or turnout gear, you may be eligible to file a lawsuit. 

Contact the lawyers at GB Law for a free consultation.

Additional Resources

• AFFF Lawsuit
• Duty to Mitigate Damages: Understanding the Plaintiff’s Duty to Limit Damages in a Personal Injury Claim
• What Is a Personal Injury Claim?
• The Importance of Keeping a Physical Emergency Contact List